Lesson 20 / 37 · Grouping
GROUP BY collects rows, then each group becomes one row
Step GROUP BY shows the rows sorted into coloured bands, one per country. Step AGGREGATE collapses each band into a single row. Columns that are not keys and not aggregated are gone after that.
The query
SELECT country, count(*) AS customers
FROM customers
GROUP BY country
Try grouping by region_id, in SELECT and GROUP BY: 4 groups, because GROUP BY puts NULLs together in one group, here Farid's.